Glucose (C6H12O6) is an organic macromolecule that is essential for the metabolism of essentially all eukaryotic organisms. Glucose is a monosaccharide (simple sugar) and is the most abundant carbohydrate. Glucose is normally stored in the body in the form of starch or glycogen. Glucose provides the raw materials needed for cellular respiration and the production of ATP.
“The brain’s preferred source of fuel is glucose/carbohydrates. And when you go on a low-carb/high-protein diet, your brain is using low-octane fuel. You’ll be a little groggy, a little grumpy.” — Jack LaLanne
The molar mass of glucose can be calculated by multiplying the molar masses of its atomic constituents by their frequency in a single molecule and adding those values together. Glucose is composed of hydrogen (H), carbon (C), and oxygen (O) The molar mass of H is 1.0079, the molar mass of C is 12.0107, and the molar mass of O is 15.9994. In one molecule of glucose, there are 12 hydrogen, 6 carbon, and 6 oxygen atoms. So, altogether, the molar mass of a single molecule of glucose is equal to:
1.0079(12)+12.0107(6)+15.9994(6) = 180.16 g/mol
Glucose has a molar mass of 180.16 g/mol. Onemole of glucose molecule has a mass of 180.16 g.
Molar Mass
The molar mass of a given substance is a quantitative measure that tells you the mass of 1 mole of that substance. In chemistry, molar mass is understood as a physical property that is defined as the mass of a substance divided by the amount of that substance.
The measure of molar mass (g/mol) is based on the SI unit for quantity, themole(not to be confused with the cute burrowing mammal). 1 mole is defined as an amount of substance that contains exactly 6.0221476× 1023 constituent particles. Just like the words “million” and “billion,” the word “mole” stands for a specific quantity of things; approximately602,214,150,000,000,000,000,000 of them. If I had one mole of apples, I would have602,214,150,000,000,000,000,000 apples, if I had one mole of hydrogen atoms, I would have602,214,150,000,000,000,000,000 of them.
A mole with 1 mole. Credit: “Mole” Andi via Flickr CC BY-SA 2.0
Every element has a molar mass, i.e. a measure of how much mass one mole of that element has. The molar mass of any element can be determined by multiplying that elements standard atomic weight (listed on the periodic table) by the molar mass constant Mu=1g/mol. Hydrogen, for instance, has a standard atomic weight of 1.00794. To find the molar mass of hydrogen, we simply multiply this number by the molar mass constant to get 1.00794 g/mol. So, hydrogen has a molar mass of 1.00794 g/mol; that is,6.0221476× 1023hydrogen atoms would together weigh 1.00794 grams.
To find the molar mass of a molecule or an ionic compound, all one has to do is first multiply the molar masses of the constituent elements by their frequency in the compound, and add the total values together. One can determine the relative atomic frequencies of a composition by the compound’s molecular formula. In other words, the molar mass of a compound is equal to the sum of the molar masses of its constituent atoms.
“The production and consumption of glucose, and hence, the blood sugar level, are controlled by a functional endocrine equilibrium.” — Bernardo Houssay
For example, water is made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom and has a molecular formula of H2O.To find the molar mass of water, one first needs to find the molar mass of hydrogen and oxygen, multiply those values by their relative frequency in a single molecule of the compound, and add the totals together. Hydrogen has a molar mass of 1.00794 and oxygen has a molar mass of 15.9994. Each molecule of water has 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom, so the molar mass of water equals:
1.00794(2) + 15.9994(1)≈ 18.02 g/mol
So one mole of water molecules would have a weight of 18.02 grams.
Importance Of Molar Mass
Molar masses are important because they figure in equations used to predict the physical and chemical behavior of substances. Most importantly, the concept of molar mass serves as the bridge between mass and amount of substance because it is generally impossible to directly count how many particles are in a substance. Wecan measure mass though, so knowing the molar mass allows us to indirectly measure the number of particles in a substance by measuring its mass.
Experimental setups often reference moles and molar masses in their steps. Say an experiment calls for 3 moles of water. We cannot directly count individual molecules of water (it would take way too long even if we could) so instead we can rely on the molar mass of water to figure out how much water we need. 1 mole of water has a mass of 18.02 grams, so if an experiment calls for 3 moles of water, we know that we need 18.02(3) = 54.06 grams of water. Likewise, if an experiment called for 0.7 moles of carbon, we know that we need 12.0107(0.7) = 8.407 grams of carbon.
Molar Mass Vs Molecular Mass
It is important to not confuse the concepts of molar mass and molecular mass. The molar mass of a compound tells you how much one mole of a substance weighs but it does not really tell you anything about the weights of the individual molecules. The measure of the mass of an individual molecule of a compound is itsmolecular mass. Molecular masses are measured indaltons(Da), named after the father of atomic theory, John Dalton. Molecules of the same compound can have different molecular masses because they can be composed of different isotopes of the same element. Water may have a molar mass of 18.02 g/mol, but individual water molecules can have a weight that ranges from 18.011 Da to 22.028 Da, due to the presence of different isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. The molar mass can then be seen as a measure of the average molecular masses of the individual molecules in one mole of a substance.
Molar Mass Of Glucose
Using the above definitions, we can determine the molar mass of glucose step by step. First, we look at the molecular formula to determine the atomic constituents and their relative frequencies in a single molecule. glucose has a molecular formula of C6H12O6, so a single molecule of glucose contains 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms.
The molar masses of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are 12.0107 g/mol, 1.00794 g/mol, and 15.9994 g/mol, respectively. These values can be determined by multiplying the standard atomic weight for each element by the molar mass constant. Next, we can multiply these values by the frequency of each element, so:
12.0107× 6
1.00794× 12
15.9994× 6
Adding all these values together will give us the total molar mass of glucose:
1.0079(12)+12.0107(6)+15.9994(6) = 180.16 g/mol
Glucose As A Compound
Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) that is ubiquitous in living organisms. It is the main source of metabolic energy in virtually all living creatures and is physically abundant in many structures in the body. Glucose is classified as a hexose (six carbon atoms) and has several distinct polymorphs. The most common and naturally occurring form, D-glucose, consists of a cyclical chain of 5 carbon atoms each bonded to a hydrogen and hydroxyl group, closed off with a carbon-containing aldehyde group (R[CHO]). In certain solutions, glucose will unravel from its cyclical arrangement to form a linear chain of carbon atoms capped with the aldehyde group.
Fischer projection of D-glucose. Credit: “D-glucose chain” via WikiCommons CC0 1.0
All kinds of glucose are colorless and are easily dissolved in water, alcohol, and other organic solvents. Its solubility makes it an essential compound for biological processes. Photoautotrophs, like plants, produce their own source of glucose via photosynthesis, but heterotrophs, like humans and all other mammals, must get their glucose from external sources. Glucose is the main ingredient that gets processed during cellular respiration.
During cellular respiration, one glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvate molecules in a process called glycolysis. The pyruvate molecules are then converted into acetyl-CoA, which is processed according to the Krebs cycle. The energy produced during the Krebs cycle is the main driver of oxidative phosphorylation, the process by which the body actually produces ATP, the fundamental energy currency of biochemical processes. ATP drives literally every biological reaction in the body, so without a steady supply of glucose, the body will not be able to produce its fuel. For every one molecule of glucose, one full turn of the cellular respiration cycle has a theoretical yield of 38 molecules of ATP. In practice, inefficiencies in chemical reactions or loss of energy during oxidative phosphorylation give an actual yield of about 33-34 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.
Glucose in the blood is called blood sugar. Normal bodily functioning requires some level of blood sugar, but too much can be harmful. Elevated levels of blood sugar, called hyperglycemia, can lead to nausea, fatigue, stomach pains, blurred vision, and frequent urination. Diabetics lack the ability to produce insulin, the hormone that regulated blood sugar levels, so diabetics are at risk for hyperglycemia. In severe cases, high levels of blood sugar can restrict oxygen flow through the capillaries, resulting in infection and tissue death.
To recap, every element has a molar mass, a measure of how much one mole of that substance weighs. The molar mass of an element can be determined by multiplying the standard atomic weight by the molar mass constant g/mol. The molar mass of a compound is equal to the sum of the molar masses of its constituent elements. The molar mass of a compound can be determined by multiplying the molar masses of the individual elements by their relative frequency in a molecule of a compound and summing the total values. In the case of glucose (C6H12O6), glucose has a molar mass of180.16 g/mol.
About Alex Bolano PRO INVESTOR
When Alex isn't nerdily stalking the internet for science news, he enjoys tabletop RPGs and making really obscure TV references. Alex has a Masters's degree from the University of Missouri-St. Louis.
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FAQs
What is the mass of 1 mol of C6H12O6? ›
i.e. mass of 1 mole of glucose, C6H12O6 = (6 × 12.01 + 12 × 1.01 + 6 × 16.00) g = 180.18 g (using atomic weight data to 2 decimals) 1 mole of carbon atoms weighs 12.01 g and there are 6 moles of C atoms in 1 mole of glucose, so the mass of carbon in 1 mole of glucose = 6 × 12.01 g = 72.06 g.
Where is the mass of the glucose molecule going? ›To find the molar mass of glucose. C6h12o6 first let's find the masses for each of the elements. So
What is the molecular mass of glucose C6H12O6 <UNK> 243 UB 342 UC 432 UD none of these? ›Final Answer: The molecular mass of glucose (C6H12O6) molecule is 180 u.
What is the molar mass of fructose C6H12O6? › How many moles of each type of atom are in 1.0 mol of C6H12O6? ›1 molecule of glucose contains 6 atoms of C, 12 atoms of H, and 6 atoms of O • 1 mole of glucose contains 6 moles of C atoms, 12 moles of H atoms, and 6 moles of O atoms.
What is the formula mass of a molecule of C6H12O6 quizlet? ›The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6, so the empirical formula is CH2O. *The formula mass of glucose is (12)+2(1)+16 = 30 amu.
What is the mass of 6.022 x10 23 molecules of glucose? ›Since there are 6.022×1023 individual species in a mole, the mass of a single glucose molecule is given by the ratio..... 180.16⋅g⋅mol−16.022×1023⋅mol−1=2.99×10−22⋅g .
How much will one mole of glucose weight on Earth and on the moon? ›The correct answer is 3 i.e. 180 grams.
How much is a mole of glucose? ›A mole is the quantity of a substance whose weight in grams is equal to the molecular weight of the substance. If you weight out exactly 342 grams (g) of sucrose, you will have weighed out 1 mole of it. Thus 1 mole of glucose weighs 180 g.
What's the difference between molar mass and molecular mass? ›Molar mass is generally defined as the mass of Avogadro number of atoms, molecules or compounds while molecular mass is defined as the sum of atomic masses of all the atoms which are present in the given molecule or compound.
What is the total percent of hydrogen in C6H12O6? ›
The percentage by mass of hydrogen in a glucose molecule is about 6.67 %.
What will be the mass of 1.5 mole of glucose? ›molecular weight × number of moles = mass of substance . We are told in the question that the molecular weight of glucose is 180.16, so putting in our numbers we find that we need 180.16×1.5=270.24g 180.16 × 1.5 = 270.24 g of glucose.
What is the main difference between glucose and fructose? ›...
Fructose.
| Difference between Glucose and Fructose | |
|---|---|
| GLUCOSE | FRUCTOSE |
| It is an aldohexose | It is a ketohexose |
| Forms a pyranose ring structure | Forms a furan ring structure |
Glucose is sourced by breaking down disaccharides or polysaccharides, which are larger sugar molecules. Meanwhile, fructose is found in its simplest form in fruits and some vegetables like beets, corn and potatoes.” Like all sugars, both glucose and fructose are carbohydrates. But not all carbs are created equal!
What percent of glucose C6H12O6 is carbon? ›% composition of C=72/180×100=40%
How many particles are in C6H12O6? ›Answer and Explanation: There are 24 atoms in one molecule of C6 H12 06. This chemical compound has 6 atoms of carbon, 12 atoms of hydrogen, and 6 atoms of oxygen. This is a total of 24 atoms.
How many moles of glucose are in 18 grams? ›4. There are 18 grams in 0.1 mole of glucose. The molecular weight of glucose is 180 g/mole, therefore 180g/mole X 0.1 mole = 18 grams.
How many atoms of carbon are in 23.1 g of glucose C6H12O6 )? ›It will be equal to four 6.2, which is 46.2. multiply by 10 power 22. These are the total number of items of carbon in 23.1 g of glucose.
What type of molecule has a molecular formula of C6H12O6 quizlet? ›Glucose (a monosaccharide) has the molecular formula C6H12O6.
What does the formula C6H12O6 mean quizlet? ›Terms in this set (62) What does the formula C6H12O6 mean? There are 12 hydrogen, 6 carbon, and 6 oxygen atoms.
Why is C6H12O6 not considered to be an empirical formula for glucose? ›
A molecular formula is a formula that represents the actual number of each atom in a compound. Whereas CH2O is the empirical formula for glucose, C6H12O6 is the molecular formula. An actual molecule of glucose contains six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms.
What will be the mass of 6.022 into 10 to the power 23 molecules of carbon monoxide? ›Mass of 1 mole (6.023 X 1023 molecules) of CO2 is about 44g.
What is the mass of 5 6.022 x10 23 molecules? ›since 1 mole is 6.022 x 10^23, you are given 5 moles of CH4. The molecular weight of CH4 is, c + 4h. the molecular weight of c is 12, and h is one. so the molecular weight of CH4(methane) will be approximately 16.
What is the mass of 6.022 x10 23 molecules of water? ›Therefore, the required mass is 54gm.
Which of the following weighs more one mole of glucose? ›1 Answer. (d) 5 moles of Na = 5 × 23 g = 115 g. Thus, 1 mole glucose weighs more.
What is mass of 1 mole of glucose? › How many molecules are there in 1 mole of glucose? ›Well in one mole of glucose there are 6.022×1023 individual glucose molecules.
How many moles are in one gram of glucose? ›Thus 1 mole of glucose weighs 180 g.
Which has more mass a mole of water or a mole of glucose? ›Answer and Explanation: Now we know the molar mass for both water and glucose. Hence, the mass of a mole of glucose (180.156 g) is more than the mass of a mole of water (18.02 g) as the molar mass of glucose is more than that of water.
What is the mass of 2 moles of glucose? ›Mass of 2 moles of glucose = 180 × 2 = 360 g.
How is molecular weight related to molar mass? ›
Moreover, the main difference between both is that molar mass gives the mass of a mole of a particular substance. Whereas molecular weight is the mass of a molecule of a particular substance. While the definition and units are different for molar mass and molecular weight, the value is the same.
What is the relation between molar mass and molecular mass? ›Molar mass is the mass of 1 mole of molecules i.e. mass of 6.022 *10^23 molecules.It is the same number as Molecular mass but the unit is grams. ( Mass of 6.022 *10^23 molecules of H2O is 18 grams.)
Why is relative molecular mass the same as molar mass? ›Molar mass refers to the mass of one mole of a substance (which could be an element or a compound). The molar mass of an element (in terms of atom) is equal to its relative atomic mass (Ar) in grams. The molar mass of a molecular substance is equal to its relative molecular mass (Mr) in grams.
What is the percent by weight of oxygen in C6H12O6? ›∴ mass % of oxygen =96180×100=53.33%
What is the common name of C6H12O6? ›Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates.
What is the percentage composition of each element in glucose C6H12O6? ›The atomic mass of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen are 12,1 and 16. The percentage of composition of C, H and O in glucose is 40%, 6.66% and 53.33%.
What is the mass of 0.5 mole of glucose? ›1 mole of glucose has a molecular mass of 180 grams. Thus the mass of 0.5 moles of glucose is 90 grams.
How many moles are in 5g of glucose? ›5g glucose contains 1023 carbon atoms. So 1 mole of glucose weighs 180g. There are 6.02 x 1023 particles in a mole so 180 g of glucose must contain 6 x 6.02 x 1023 carbon atoms. This equals 3.61 x 1024 carbon atoms.
What is the mass percent of carbon in 1.5 g of sample of glucose? ›Detailed Solution
The correct answer is 40%.
The new study — drawing on clinical trials, basic science, and animal studies — concludes that fructose is more damaging to health than glucose.
Is fructose absorbed faster than glucose? ›
The absorption rate of fructose alone from the small intestine is slower than that of glucose. This is partly due to the differences in the absorption process between the two monosaccharides. Glucose is absorbed from the intestine into the plasma via more than one active glucose co-transporter protein.
What test would be used to differentiate between glucose and fructose? ›(d) Seliwanoff's Test: It is used to distinguish between the aldose and ketose. So, from this it is clear that we can distinguish between the fructose and glucose by Seliwanoff's test because fructose is a ketose and glucose is an aldose.
Does glucose have more energy than fructose? ›While fructose and glucose have the same calorific value, the two sugars are metabolized differently in the body. Fructose has a lower glycemic index than glucose but has a much higher glycemic load.
Why is glucose better than fructose for cellular respiration? ›Glucose's rate of energy production was more than three times that of fructose. What is this? Glucose was directly used in the glycolysis cycle and did not require any extra energy to convert it into a usable form (Freeman, 154). This supported why glucose was the most efficient.
What is the relationship between fructose and glucose? ›Glucose and fructose are absorbed directly into your bloodstream, while sucrose must be broken down first. Glucose is used for energy or stored as glycogen. Fructose is converted to glucose or stored as fat.
How many moles of carbon are in C6H12O6? ›Definite Proportions:
There are 6 carbon atoms in each molecule of glucose C6H12O6 C 6 H 12 O 6 .
1 molecule of glucose contains 6 atoms of C, 12 atoms of H, and 6 atoms of O • 1 mole of glucose contains 6 moles of C atoms, 12 moles of H atoms, and 6 moles of O atoms.
How many molecules of glucose are in 5.23 grams of glucose? ›Solution : `180g` glucose has `N_(A)` molecules <br> `5.23g` glucose has `(5.23x 6.02xx 10^(23))/(180)= 1.75xx 10^(22)` molecules.
How do you determine the mass of 1 mole of a compound? ›Multiply the atomic weight (from the periodic table) of each element by the number of atoms of that element present in the compound. 3. Add it all together and put units of grams/mole after the number.
How many carbon atoms does C6H12O6? ›When glucose is broken down, chemical and thermal energy is produced. Glucose has a chemical formula of: C6H12O6 That means glucose is made of 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen atoms.
How do I calculate molar mass? ›
Molar mass = mass/mole = g/mol
The mass of one mole of carbon-12 atoms is exactly 12 grams; its molar mass is exactly 12 grams per mole.
D-Glucose | C6H12O6 - PubChem.
What is the relationship between a mole of a substance and its mass? ›If you want to know how many moles of a material you have, divide the mass of the material by its molar mass. The molar mass of a substance is the mass in grams of one mole of that substance. This mass is given by the atomic weight of the chemical unit that makes up that substance in atomic mass units (amu).
What is the relationship between the formula weight of a substance and its molar mass? ›Answer. Answer: The formula mass (formula weight) of a molecule is the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in its empirical formula. The molecular mass (molecular weight) of a molecule is its average mass as calculated by adding together the atomic weights of the atoms in the molecular formula.
What is the relationship between mass moles and molecular weights? ›Moreover, the main difference between both is that molar mass gives the mass of a mole of a particular substance. Whereas molecular weight is the mass of a molecule of a particular substance. While the definition and units are different for molar mass and molecular weight, the value is the same.
How many atoms of carbon C are in C6H12O6 Quizizz? ›The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6. How many atoms are found in one molecule of glucose? Which statement accurately describes a compound with the chemical formula C6H12O6? The compound contains 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms.
How many molecules are there in C6H12O6? ›∙ So, total number of atoms = 6 + 12 + 6 = 24. Was this answer helpful?
How many elements and atoms are in C6H12O6? ›It is made of 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen atoms.
What is difference between molar mass and molecular mass? ›Molar mass is generally defined as the mass of Avogadro number of atoms, molecules or compounds while molecular mass is defined as the sum of atomic masses of all the atoms which are present in the given molecule or compound.
How do you find molar mass given moles and grams? ›How to Calculate Grams from Moles (Moles to Mass) - YouTube
What do you mean by molar mass? ›
In chemistry, the molar mass of a chemical compound is defined as the mass of a sample of that compound divided by the amount of substance which is the number of moles in that sample, measured in moles. The molar mass is a bulk, not molecular, property of a substance.
What type of compound is this C6 h12 06 commonly known as? ›glucose, also called dextrose, one of a group of carbohydrates known as simple sugars (monosaccharides). Glucose (from Greek glykys; “sweet”) has the molecular formula C6H12O6.
What type of compound is this C6 h12 06 known as table sugar? ›Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates.
What is C6H12O6? ›GLUCOSE: (C6H12O6)